Pakistan's parliament has passed the 27th constitutional amendment, which was signed into law on Thursday. This amendment grants new powers and lifetime immunity from arrest and prosecution to Army Chief Field Marshal Asim Munir. Additionally, the legislation introduces significant changes to the operation of the country's higher courts. Proponents of the amendment state that it clarifies the administrative structure of the armed forces and aims to reduce the backlog in the courts. Historically, the Pakistani military has held a notable role in the nation's political landscape.
Provisions for the Army Chief
Pakistan's history has included periods of both civilian and military dominance in governance. The 27th amendment confers several new provisions for Field Marshal Asim Munir, who assumed the role of army chief in November 2022. Under the new law, he will gain oversight of the Pakistan Navy and Air Force. His field marshal title and uniform are designated for life, and he will be assigned responsibilities and duties post-retirement, as determined by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. This provision is understood to maintain his significant public role throughout his life.
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, as reported by the Associated Press of Pakistan, stated that these changes are part of a reform agenda aimed at modernizing Pakistan's defense capabilities. Conversely, some observers characterize the amendment as a consolidation of power within the military.
Judicial System Revisions
The amendment also includes provisions for changes to the country's judicial system. A new Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) is to be established to adjudicate constitutional questions. The President will be responsible for appointing the FCC's first chief justice and its judges. This structural alteration has drawn commentary regarding the executive's role in judicial appointments and the potential implications for judicial independence.