Monash University and Lions Eye Institute researchers have identified a tissue protein that functions as a central regulator for immune cells. This protein, which can be manipulated by a virus to weaken immune responses, was detailed in a study published in Nature.
The research identified CD44 as a molecule that controls the network of stromal cells. These stromal cells guide immune cell movement and information exchange, which are crucial for fighting infections, vaccine responses, and overall health.
The team discovered that cytomegalovirus (CMV) can interfere with this system. CMV produces a protein that blocks CD44 function on stromal cells, thereby disrupting immune cell coordination and reducing the body's ability to combat viral infections.
Professor Mariapia Degli-Esposti, a lead researcher, stated that the findings change the understanding of signals influencing immune function. Degli-Esposti explained that CD44 acts as a master regulator of immune cell movement and communication. The study demonstrates that viruses can compromise immunity by targeting the essential tissue infrastructure supporting immune cells, rather than solely attacking the immune cells themselves.
Dr. Chris Andoniou, a co-lead researcher, noted the potential implications for human health. Andoniou suggested that therapeutic molecules inspired by the identified viral protein could be developed to modulate harmful inflammation, potentially aiding in the management and treatment of autoimmune conditions.
The study received funding from the Australian Research Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council.