New research indicates that the indiscriminate use of non-sterile gloves in hospitals and clinics contributes significantly to environmental pollution and healthcare-associated infections. This practice occurs with limited evidence of substantial benefits for certain activities.
The study, conducted by Edith Cowan University (ECU), suggests that the absence of evidence-based guidelines for non-sterile glove use in healthcare may negatively impact patient outcomes, healthcare costs, and environmental sustainability.
According to Dr. Natasya Raja Azlan, lead author and course coordinator at ECU School of Nursing and Midwifery, non-sterile gloves are essential when there is a risk of contact with body fluids, viruses, bacteria, or hazardous medications. However, evidence does not support their use for tasks such as moving patients, feeding, basic washing, or preparing numerous medications.
Dr. Raja Azlan stated that unnecessary glove use can be detrimental, potentially reducing handwashing frequency among staff. Handwashing remains the most effective method for preventing infection spread. This can lead to increased transmission of diseases between vulnerable patients and healthcare personnel.
Observations show that inappropriate use of non-sterile gloves, including prolonged wearing when removal is necessary, is common in nursing practice.
Dr. Lesley Andrew, co-author and Senior Lecturer at ECU, highlighted that the widespread use of non-sterile gloves also increases healthcare costs. For example, one hospital in New South Wales reportedly saved $155,000 and reduced medical waste by eight tonnes in a year after limiting non-sterile glove use.
Dr. Andrew noted the environmental implications: "The disposal of healthcare products accounts for 7% of Australia's national total carbon emissions." Manufacturing gloves requires fossil fuels, water, and energy. Their disposal through incineration can degrade air quality and release harmful chemicals, while landfill disposal may leach microparticles and heavy metals into ecosystems.
Despite non-sterile glove use being a common practice during intravenous antimicrobial preparation and administration, Dr. Raja Azlan noted a lack of evidence-based guidelines or protocols to standardize this aspect of nursing care. This absence has prompted a call for a review of the practice.
ECU is leading a collaboration involving Western Australian universities, TAFE institutions, and healthcare providers. This initiative aims to re-evaluate the education of future nurses and midwives to ensure they are prepared to deliver evidence-based and environmentally sustainable care.