The Narriearra Caryapundy Swamp, an ephemeral wetland located in a remote part of New South Wales, has recently filled with water following floods in south-west Queensland. This natural phenomenon, where water flows down the Bulloo River and through the Bulloo Overflow, occurs approximately every 10 to 20 years.
The New South Wales government acquired Narriearra Station, which encompasses the Caryapundy Swamp, in 2020. The wetland received Ramsar listing in 2021.
Ecological Impact
River ecologist Professor Richard Kingsford described the wetland as a healthy system, noting that the 2024 floods at Thargomindah, which contributed to the infill, may have been the largest ever recorded. A survey conducted in October 2025 estimated the presence of 200,000 to 300,000 birds in the area.
Approximately 30 bird species were identified during the survey, including rare Freckled Ducks. Other observations included over 100,000 grey teal ducks, 70,000 pink-eared ducks, and tens of thousands of swamphens and black-tailed native-hens. Swans were also observed breeding in the area. Professor Kingsford stated that as the water evaporates, the system's productivity is expected to increase, providing resources for invertebrates, fish, and various bird and animal species.
Cultural Heritage
Malyangapa man Mark Sutton stated that the water replenishment is significant for totem species, such as the bony bream, which can hatch from eggs dormant in the sand for years. The government's acquisition of Narriearra Station has facilitated greater access for Aboriginal people to the landscape.
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Ranger Emma McLean reported the discovery of numerous Indigenous artifacts across the area. These include ancient cooking hearths and stone tools. A rare greenstone axe head, believed to have been traded from Victoria, was also located on the site.