A ceasefire in Gaza, in effect since October 2024, is unraveling under a cloud of mutual accusations and continued violence, with hundreds of Palestinian casualties—including women, children, and medical personnel—reported by multiple sources.
A series of Israeli military actions in the Gaza Strip have resulted in continued Palestinian casualties, including women, children, and medical personnel, since a ceasefire agreement took effect in October 2024. Both Israeli and Palestinian officials have accused each other of violating the terms of the truce.
Casualty Figures
Multiple sources report varying numbers of fatalities since the ceasefire began on October 10, 2024.
- Gaza's Health Ministry reported at least 1,005 Palestinian deaths as of a date in late January 2025.
- Other reports from the ministry cite figures of 425, 484, 566, and 786 deaths during the ceasefire period.
- Overall death tolls in Gaza since the start of the conflict in October 2023 range from 69,500 to over 73,000, according to the Hamas-run health ministry.
- Save the Children reported in September that more than 20,000 children had been killed over two years of conflict.
- UN Women reported that between October 2023 and December 2025, an average of 47 women and girls were killed daily.
Timeline of Reported Incidents
November
- Two Palestinian boys, Fadi and Jumaa Abu Assi, were killed in a drone strike. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) stated they targeted two suspects who had crossed into a designated restricted zone.
- Israeli military actions in Gaza City, particularly in the Al-Tuffah neighborhood, resulted in the deaths of multiple members of the Haboush family, as well as medical personnel Intisar Nizar Salah Al-Rubaie and Hussain Al-Sumairi.
- The Palestinian Red Crescent Society stated that targeting medical personnel constitutes a violation of International Humanitarian Law.
December 22
- Israeli airstrikes resulted in the deaths of at least 22 Palestinians. The IDF stated the strikes were a response to an armed individual firing at soldiers after crossing the "yellow line." Hamas denied the Israeli account of the initial incident.
- Five individuals were killed at the Abbas junction in Gaza City's Rimal area. Three people died near a mosque in Deir al-Balah.
- Two houses were targeted in Nuseirat, resulting in three fatalities at the Abu Amouneh family home and seven at the Abu Shawish family residence.
- Three additional fatalities were reported from a strike on a house in western Gaza City.
Late January
- An Israeli airstrike in Beit Lahia killed five Palestinians, including three children, near the Al-Qassam mosque. The bodies were taken to Al-Shifa hospital.
- Israeli forces killed 12 Palestinians, according to medical sources. An attack on a police vehicle in Khan Younis killed at least eight people, including three civilian bystanders and police officers.
- A separate attack in Gaza City killed two police officers. Two people died in a house bombing in Beit Lahiya.
- Colonel Naseem al-Kalazani of the Gaza police force was killed in an air strike on his vehicle near al-Mawasi. At least three Palestinians were killed near the Zeitoun neighbourhood of Gaza City.
- The Gaza health ministry reported 11 fatalities, including three journalists traveling in a car to film a displaced persons camp in central Gaza. The IDF stated that troops identified "several suspects who operated a drone affiliated with Hamas." The Palestinian Journalists Syndicate affirmed the journalists were on a journalistic mission.
- Separately, three people, including a 10-year-old boy, died due to tank shelling in central Gaza. Two individuals, including a 13-year-old boy, were killed in two shooting incidents in Khan Younis.
February
- Two Palestinian boys, Mohammad (14) and Suleiman Al Zawaraa (13), were reportedly killed by Israeli fire while collecting firewood. The IDF stated that troops identified "several terrorists" who crossed the Yellow Line, planted an explosive device, and approached troops. The boys' uncle disputed the military's account, stating the children were far from the Yellow Line.
March
- The Civil Defence agency reported 13 fatalities, including five children.
- A drone reportedly struck a tent sheltering displaced individuals in southern Gaza, killing four people, including three children.
- An 11-year-old girl was killed near the Jabalia refugee camp. One person died in a strike on a school.
- A drone incident near Khan Younis resulted in one male fatality. Four more people were killed in an airstrike targeting a house in eastern Gaza City.
April 8
- Al Jazeera journalist Mohammed Wishah was killed by a drone strike.
April (Date not specified)
- Israeli strikes killed 21 Palestinians, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. The IDF claimed one of its soldiers was injured, prompting airstrikes and tank fire. Hamas rejected this claim.
- In the Al-Tuffah neighborhood, several members of the Haboush family were killed.
- Gaza's Government Media Office alleged over 1,500 ceasefire violations by Israel.
Conflict Context
The Israeli military launched its offensive in Gaza on October 7, 2023, following a Hamas-led attack on southern Israel that resulted in approximately 1,200 fatalities and 251 hostages taken, according to Israeli figures.
A US-brokered ceasefire, described as part of a peace plan proposed by US President Donald Trump, came into effect in October 2024. The plan's first phase involved a cessation of major fighting, some Israeli troop withdrawals, and the exchange of Hamas-held hostages for Palestinian detainees.
Disputed Ceasefire Violations
Both parties have made allegations of ceasefire violations.
- Israel has stated that its strikes are a response to violations, including Hamas firing on its forces. A statement from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office asserted that Hamas sent an individual into Israeli-held territory to attack IDF soldiers.
- Gaza's Government Media Office has stated that Israel has committed over 2,400 violations since the ceasefire took effect. These alleged violations include targeted strikes, arrests, blockades, restrictions on food and medical supplies, and non-compliance with troop withdrawal lines.
- Hamas has called attacks "a breach" of the agreement and stated that Israel's movement of the yellow line westward constitutes a violation. The group has called on mediators and the US to intervene.
Humanitarian and Diplomatic Status
- Negotiations for the second phase of the agreement, which would involve Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and disarmament of Hamas, have not been completed, according to multiple sources.
- Israel has expanded its presence in Gaza, now controlling 64% of the Gaza Strip, according to the Palestinian Health Ministry.
- The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that only 20 of 37 hospitals in Gaza remain partially functional, and that humanitarian conditions are deteriorating.
- COGAT, the Israeli agency managing aid to Gaza, stated that 600 to 800 trucks carrying food enter Gaza daily, rejecting UN claims of hunger.
- Hamas has stated it would not hand over its weapons yet, linking the issue to a framework leading to a Palestinian state. Israel maintains that disarmament is necessary.
- At the World Economic Forum, Mr. Trump stated it should be known within three weeks whether Hamas will agree to surrender its weapons, adding, "If they don't do it, they'll be blown away very quickly."