Study Finds No Link Between Upper Lip Frenulum and Breastfeeding Difficulties

A new study from the University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, published in JAMA Network Open, found no association between the anatomical characteristics of a newborn's upper lip frenulum and breastfeeding difficulties.

The research followed 264 mother-infant pairs at Oulu University Hospital between 2023 and 2024.

Study Methodology and Key Findings

Researchers assessed the anatomy and mobility of the upper lip frenulum in healthy, full-term infants and compared these findings with mothers' reported breastfeeding experiences.

Of the mothers surveyed, 86% reported experiencing breastfeeding difficulties during the first days after birth. However, the study found no link between the thickness, attachment site, or other structural features of the upper lip frenulum and the reported breastfeeding problems.

Instead, the data indicated that previous breastfeeding experience was associated with fewer reported difficulties.

Expert Statements

Pediatrician and neonatologist Outi Aikio stated that an upper lip frenulum interfering with breastfeeding is rare.

Aikio added that the study found no evidence to support lip-tie release surgery in healthy, full-term infants. She emphasized the importance of comprehensive assessment of breastfeeding difficulties and highlighted the need for high-quality breastfeeding support, particularly in the early weeks after birth, when challenges are common.

Context

The number of lip-tie release procedures has increased in several countries in recent years. According to researchers, this trend has occurred despite limited evidence of benefit from such surgical interventions.