As the French Open continues and Serena Williams announces her return to tennis, NPR explores the etymology of the term 'love' used to denote zero points in tennis scoring.
The Origin of 'Love' in Tennis
'Love' has been used to mean zero in tennis since the late 18th century, earlier appearing in card games like whist and bridge. The exact origin is uncertain, with multiple theories proposed:
- From French 'l'oeuf' (the egg), referring to zero's shape
- From the phrase 'for the love of the game'
- From Dutch 'lof' (honor) or Latin 'amare' (to love)
Lexicographer Jesse Sheidlower considers the 'love of the game' theory most plausible, as the idiom was used in English before tennis's popularization.
The alternative term 'bagel', also referring to a zero shape, emerged in the 1970s but has not replaced 'love'.
The Scoring System
Tennis's scoring system (15, 30, 40, deuce) has largely remained unchanged since the sport was codified in 1874. The term 'deuce' derives from French 'deux' (two). The tiebreak rule was a major later addition, driven by television broadcast needs.
What People Say
"People kind of like [love]. It's different. Why say zero when you can say love?"
— Steve Flink, International Tennis Hall of Fame journalist
"I think the 'for the love of the game' is kind of romantic."
— JT Buzanga, International Tennis Hall of Fame collections manager