French farmers have conducted multiple demonstrations in Paris and other regions in recent days, protesting the proposed European Union-Mercosur free trade agreement and government agricultural policies. Protests have involved tractors entering city centers and blockades of key infrastructure, with farmers citing concerns over unfair competition and domestic agricultural standards. The French government has officially opposed the Mercosur deal, while EU negotiations on the agreement continue.
Recent Protests and Actions
Farmers initiated protests in Paris on Tuesday, January 9, with a demonstration organized by the FNSEA union. An estimated 350 tractors participated, converging at the Arc de Triomphe and proceeding to the French parliament building, where several metric tons of potatoes were deposited. Following the demonstration, farmers decided to remain overnight in Paris, with union representatives indicating they would stay until new negotiations commenced.
The following day, on Wednesday, January 10, approximately 40 farm vehicles began blockading access to the DPA oil depot in Bassens, near Bordeaux, starting at 10 pm. These demonstrations continued into Thursday, January 11, with a protest in central Paris organized by the Rural Coordination union. Approximately 100 tractors participated, with vehicles observed near landmarks such as the Arc de Triomphe and the Eiffel Tower, and in front of the National Assembly. Despite police blockades designed to restrict access, approximately 20 tractors entered the city center. The French Interior Ministry reported that some convoys bypassed restrictions, while most tractors were intercepted at major traffic arteries on the city's perimeter. The A13 motorway in the direction of Paris was also closed from 5:53 am on Thursday due to these demonstrations.
Reasons for the Demonstrations
Farmers have expressed opposition to the proposed European Union-Mercosur free trade agreement, which involves Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Protesters contend that the agreement would negatively impact their livelihoods and lead to unfair competition from cheaper South American imports that may not adhere to French farming standards. Farmers have also cited various local grievances.
In addition to the trade deal, farmers have voiced discontent regarding government sanitary measures related to bovine diseases, such as lumpy skin disease in cattle. Union representatives, including José Perez, president of Rural Coordination in the Lot-et-Garonne region, stated that the demonstrations aimed to communicate their demands directly to governmental authorities. Ludovic Dupeux of the Rural Coordination branch in Corsica articulated a desire for President Emmanuel Macron to support farmers' positions and openly advocate against the trade deal.
Government and EU Context
The French government has officially stated its opposition to the Mercosur trade deal. French Agriculture Minister Annie Genevard reiterated this stance on Wednesday, January 10, citing potential threats to domestic production in sectors including beef, chicken, sugar, ethanol, and honey. France's previous opposition contributed to a delay in the agreement last month.
The European Union has recently resumed internal discussions regarding the free trade agreement. There is speculation of a potential signing in Paraguay on January 12. Germany is among the proponents of the agreement, while France and Poland have voiced objections. It has been noted that supporting nations could potentially override objections from France and Poland.
Authorities deployed a significant police presence around central Paris landmarks during the protests. French Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu announced a series of proposed measures intended to address farmer concerns. These measures, contingent on the approval of a future budget bill, include an "emergency bill" focused on water management, mitigating wolf attacks on livestock, and addressing production challenges. Fiscal measures, such as enhanced precautionary savings and support for managing economic shocks, are also under consideration. Farmers, however, deemed the progress offered by the government insufficient.
Future Actions
Beyond the recent protests, farmers have scheduled a demonstration at the European Parliament in Strasbourg for January 20. The approval of the Mercosur deal by most EU states, despite France's opposition, has reportedly increased pressure on the French government from agricultural groups and opposition parties.