An undersea volcano in the Bismarck Sea, near Papua New Guinea, is erupting, prompting warnings from authorities and causing disruption to coastal villages in Manus Province.
The provisionally-named Titan Ridge Volcano began erupting in early May 2024, with sporadic activity continuing.
Volcanic Activity and Observations
The eruption was observed via satellite and by local fishermen. Fisherman Kennedy Masis reported seeing smoke emerging from the sea and hearing thunder-like sounds. He noted the presence of dead fish near a reef the following day.
Papua New Guinea's Mineral Resources Authority (MRA) reported volcanic activity along a 5-kilometer stretch of ocean. Satellite monitoring has been hindered by cloud cover.
Steve Saunders, principal geodetic surveyor at the Rabaul Volcano Observatory, described the eruption as more energetic than typical undersea eruptions. He stated that a cone may be building and that pumice has reached the surface. Saunders noted that such events may occur once or twice a century. The Rabaul Volcanic Observatory has reported reduced pumice production but ongoing activity.
Seismic Activity
A magnitude-5.4 earthquake was recorded near the site on a recent Monday. Prior to the eruption, multiple earthquakes were recorded, including six on May 8.
Tsunami and Hazard Warnings
Authorities have warned of possible tsunamis, falling pumice, ash, unpredictable swells, and turbulent currents in the area.
"Localized tsunami activity is possible, though small," said Steve Saunders, noting that the nearest land is at least 100 kilometers away. The ocean depth in the area is approximately 500 to 800 meters.
Saunders indicated that toxic fumes from the eruption are not blowing toward populated areas.
Impact on Coastal Communities
Thick pumice stone from the undersea volcano has washed ashore in Manus Province, affecting coastal villages. Councillor Raymond Simeku from Baon village stated that the village is effectively cut off.
Residents are unable to travel by boat for fishing or marketing, and one boat reportedly nearly sank due to pumice accumulation. Concerns have been raised regarding food and water shortages, and limited access to medical services.
Government Response
Prime Minister James Marape stated that the government is conducting urgent assessments and prioritizing community safety.