Experts Weigh In on Canned Sparkling Water and Cancer Risk

Medical specialists have commented on social media claims that canned sparkling water may increase colorectal cancer risk. The concern centers not on the beverage itself but on potential chemical exposure from packaging.

The amount of PFAS that leaches from beverage cans is far below levels shown to cause cancer in experimental studies. — Dr. Maen Abdelrahim, Houston Methodist

Packaging and Chemical Concerns

• Cans often have protective linings and may be exposed to contaminants during manufacturing.
• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), sometimes called "forever chemicals," are a primary concern. These substances persist in the environment and can accumulate in the human body.
• Research has linked PFAS exposure to higher risks of several cancers, including kidney and testicular cancer, as well as other health issues.

Specialist Assessments

Dr. Maen Abdelrahim, section chief of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at Houston Methodist, stated the amount of PFAS that leaches from beverage cans is far below levels shown to cause cancer in experimental studies.

Dr. Steven Lee-Kong, division chief of colorectal surgery at Hackensack Meridian Health, noted that while some studies have detected PFAS in popular sparkling water brands, the levels often fall below current federal advisory limits.

Lee-Kong also stated that the science is evolving, and some health organizations argue even very low levels of exposure could pose a risk.

Potential Mechanisms and Current Evidence

Abdelrahim explained that PFAS could theoretically contribute to cancer by acting as endocrine disruptors, promoting oxidative stress, altering gene expression, or interfering with DNA repair over long-term exposure.

Evidence suggests PFAS may disrupt the intestinal barrier, potentially leading to gut inflammation, damage to the intestinal lining, and changes to the gut microbiome. Chronic inflammation is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer.

There is currently no direct evidence concluding that canned sparkling water causes colon cancer. Based on current evidence, it is not considered a significant source of PFAS exposure.

Recommendations and Context

More long-term studies are needed to understand the relationship between canned beverages and cancer risk.

Lee-Kong advised drinking sparkling water in moderation and diversifying beverage choices. Filtered water is noted as the safest and most effective way to stay hydrated.

Abdelrahim recommended focusing on established modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer, including:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting processed and red meat
• Avoiding tobacco
• Moderating alcohol
• Staying physically active
• Following age-appropriate screening guidelines

Regulatory organizations like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are continuously investigating the risks associated with PFAS.