Researchers from the California Academy of Sciences have identified over 20 potential new species in deep coral reefs within the Pacific Ocean. This discovery follows an expedition that retrieved autonomous reef monitoring structures deployed since 2018 off the coast of Guam. The findings contribute to the understanding of biodiversity in the mesopelagic zone, an area characterized by limited light and specific environmental challenges.
Discovery Details
During a two-week expedition in November, scientists collected 2,000 specimens from deep coral reefs. Initial analysis of these specimens revealed 100 species previously unrecorded in the region. Luiz Rocha, Ichthyology curator at the California Academy of Sciences, stated that further genetic analysis, including DNA sequencing, is expected to confirm more than 20 distinct new species. This process can also identify new species among those initially believed to be known.
Potential new species identified include various forms of marine life such as:
- Crabs
- Sponges
- Ascidians (sea squirts)
- Gorgonian corals
Research Methodology
The discoveries resulted from the retrieval of 13 autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS). These devices had been deployed since 2018 in deep coral reefs off Guam, positioned at depths ranging from 180 to 330 feet (55 to 100 meters) below the ocean surface. The ARMS collected data in an area that receives minimal light.
Environmental Context
The deep coral reefs studied are located within the mesopelagic zone, commonly referred to as the "twilight zone." This region presents challenges for scientific exploration due to the high pressure and limited light penetration, necessitating specialized diving equipment. The research team specifically focused on the "upper twilight zone," at depths between 180 and 330 feet.
Notable Observations
During the expedition, researchers observed a hermit crab utilizing a clamshell for shelter. This is considered an unusual occurrence for the species, as hermit crabs typically occupy abandoned snail shells.
Ongoing Research and Significance
The research team, led by Luiz Rocha, has commenced a two-year expedition. This extended effort aims to retrieve an additional 76 deep reef monitoring devices deployed across other Pacific Ocean locations, including Palau and French Polynesia. The study of deep coral reefs is considered important for understanding marine ecosystems and biodiversity, as these habitats support a wide array of species.