British pantomime is a theatrical tradition observed during the holiday season, characterized by audience participation, comedic elements, and adaptations of well-known stories. Performances typically incorporate male actors playing female characters, known as "dames," and feature popular music parodies. The tradition has historical roots in 16th-century Italian commedia dell'arte and evolved in Britain, establishing itself as a significant cultural event, particularly in East London.
Performance Characteristics and Audience Engagement
A defining aspect of pantomime is audience engagement. Spectators are encouraged to interact with performers by shouting phrases such as "it's behind you!" to alert characters to stage elements, and by responding to prompts, including booing villains. These productions blend humor and songs, often incorporating contemporary twists into classic narratives, frequently based on fairy tales.
"Wicked Witches" as a Contemporary Example
A recent production, "Wicked Witches," staged at the Pleasance Theatre in North London, exemplifies modern pantomime. Written by American resident Shane Konno, the show draws inspiration from "The Wizard of Oz" and "Wicked," reimagining the story 20 years after Dorothy's initial visit to Oz, featuring a character named Dor. Konno stated that understanding pantomime required a significant cultural adjustment after relocating to the UK.
"Wicked Witches" incorporates LGBTQ themes, featuring a nonbinary lead character, Dor, and conveying messages of acceptance. The production is presented in both family-friendly and adult versions, with the former retaining nuanced adult jokes that may not be noticed by younger viewers. Notable public figures have made video appearances in pantomimes; for "Wicked Witches," politician Jeremy Corbyn appeared as the "Wizard of Oz-lington," and actor Ian McKellen was featured as Toto the dog.
Cultural Significance
Pantomimes are a widespread feature of Britain's festive period, with most theaters hosting an annual production, which is often their most popular of the year. Johnny McKnight, a performer and writer from Scotland with two decades of experience in pantomime, describes the tradition as integral to many British Christmas celebrations and frequently performs the role of the dame.
Pantomimes often serve as the initial exposure to live theater for British children. Attendees like 8-year-old Imogen Coackley have noted enjoyment from the jokes and audience interaction, highlighting the participatory nature of pantomime as a key element of its accessibility and appeal.