Understanding Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when a person's upper airway repeatedly closes during sleep, hindering the ability to maintain continuous sleep.

This condition can contribute to unrefreshing sleep, poor daytime function, and reduced alertness or increased daytime sleepiness. Other potential indicators for obstructive sleep apnea include: loud snoring, choking during sleep, and breathing pauses during sleep that are associated with snoring.

Treatment Options

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

The primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). This method utilizes air pressure to create an upper airway splint, keeping the airway open.

Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation

A more recent treatment option involves hypoglossal nerve stimulation. This is intended for patients with significant OSA who are unable to use a CPAP machine or a mandibular advancement device.

A nerve stimulator is surgically implanted into the chest wall, which then stimulates the hypoglossal nerve to control muscles that maintain upper airway patency. The device is activated before sleep and deactivated upon waking.

Weight Loss and Medication

For patients with both obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, weight loss is a core pillar of treatment. Recent weight loss medications have been studied for their effects on OSA, with results indicating that patients who use these medications to lose weight can improve their sleep apnea.

Long-Term Consequences

Untreated obstructive sleep apnea can lead to cardiovascular issues, including high blood pressure, which increases the risk of strokes or heart attacks.