GLP-1 Medications Linked to Malnutrition Risks, Expert Warns

Scurvy, a severe vitamin C deficiency, is reportedly being diagnosed more frequently in individuals using GLP-1 medications. Experts suggest this connection may stem from significant reductions in appetite and changes in food consumption, rather than the medications themselves.

In an opinion published in the BMJ on July 21, 2025, Ellen Fallows highlighted the risks of prescribing GLP-1 medications to patients with existing nutrient-poor diets. Fallows noted that malnutrition cases are already being reported in the U.S.

Understanding the Paradox of Obesity and Malnutrition

Fallows additionally stated that while obesity is often perceived as "over-nourishment," muscle wasting and nutrient deficiencies are common in these individuals. Combining an unhealthy diet with caloric restriction, often associated with GLP-1 use, can worsen these nutritional problems.

Beyond GLP-1: Other Contributing Factors

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and nutrient deficiencies caused by other common diabetes medications, such as metformin, may also contribute to malnutrition, according to Fallows.

Beyond vitamin C deficiency, GLP-1 use has been associated with severe deficiencies in thiamine and magnesium, among others.

Fallows concluded that a lack of awareness likely contributes to both underdetection and under-reporting of malnutrition, potentially leading to less favorable patient outcomes.