Global Disparities Found in Crucial Antenatal Treatments

A global analysis led by the University of Bristol has revealed significant international variations in the implementation of two antenatal treatments: magnesium sulphate and antenatal steroids. These treatments are crucial for reducing the risk of cerebral palsy and respiratory complications in premature babies.

Essential Treatments for Preterm Babies

Magnesium sulphate, administered to the mother before a pre-term birth, helps reduce the risk of cerebral palsy. Antenatal steroids are vital for maturing a preterm baby's lungs, improving survival chances. Both are recommended in clinical guidelines worldwide.

Unprecedented Global Analysis

The study examined neonatal data from over 300,000 premature births across ten countries. Researchers analyzed data on 45,619 babies (24–32 weeks' gestation) from 1,111 hospitals in the UK, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, US, UAE, Brazil, South Africa, and India.

Wide Variations in Magnesium Sulphate Use

Results indicated significant disparities in magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) use. Countries like Ireland and the UK showed high administration rates (over 80%), while South Africa and the UAE had much lower rates (33.6% and 44.5% respectively). Antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) demonstrated more consistent use across countries.

Income Level Directly Impacts Access

Income-related disparities were also observed, with higher-income countries averaging 74.8% MgSO4 implementation compared to 49.4% in middle-income countries.

This equity gap has not decreased over time.

Addressing the Global Equity Gap

The study concludes there is considerable global variation in the use of these interventions, particularly lower uptake in middle-income countries.

It calls for further research to understand the reasons for these disparities and to improve equitable access to these essential antenatal treatments worldwide.